The Anglo-Italian Circle during the Risorgimento
by Sharon Worley
The Anglo-Italian Circle during the Risorgimento
by Sharon Worley
by Sharon Worley
by Sharon Worley
This study examines how authors responded to the Haitian Revolution with revisionist narratives that seek to support empire or rebellion, while focusing on the ethical ramifications of colonialism and slavery in the Americas. Narrative texts include Leonora Sansay’s Secret History, or the Horrors of Santo Domingo, Germaine de Stael’s Mirza, Fanny Burney’s The Wanderer, Jane Austen’s Mansfield Park and Sanditon, Harriet Martineau’s The Hour and the Man, and Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s poems, "A Curse for a Nation" and "The Runaway Slave at Pilgrim’s Point." Additional authors include Lucien Bonaparte, Chateaubriand, Raynal, Edmund Burke and Rousseau.
This study extends from the Neapolitan Revolution of 1799 to the first unification of Italy in 1861 and presents insights into the work of feminist authors who responded to the Italian Risorgimento in their writings, including novels, poetry and non-fiction political analyses. The narratives of these women form a cohesive view of emerging feminism in the nineteenth century in response to the Italian Risorgimento. A number of American and British women who lived in Italy (Emma Hamilton, Margaret Fuller and Elizabeth Barrett Browning), as well as Italian women (Eleonora Fonesca Pimentel and Cristina Belgiojoso), participated directly in the developing events of the Risorgimento revolutions for Italian independence and unification, while British, French and American authors who travelled to Italy, including Mary Shelley, George Sand, Marie d’Agoult (Daniel Stern) and Edith Wharton joined their cause and rallied support for democracy, civic justice and gender equality. These authors promoted gender equality through their feminist narratives and political analyses of the Italian Risorgimento. ISBN13: 978-1-5275-7748-0
The shadow of Napoleon never left the nineteenth-century and continued to haunt the histories and wars that followed in curious and circuitous ways. The empires of Napoleon I and his nephew, Napoleon III, set the stage for the pendulum swing of time from revolution to its antithesis, empire. The Anglo-Italian style developed as a reaction to these empires, the widespread devastation caused by power, and the monuments it created. Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Margaret Fuller, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Harriet Hosmer, William Wetmore Story, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Henry James and Vernon Lee responded to recurring themes in Italian Risorgimento politics and culture in the post-Napoleonic era and Second Empire periods. Many of them were ex-patriots, who adopted Italy as their new home. Their unique contribution aligns them with a style that is distinguished by the themes of national independence, feminism, the abolition of slavery and republicanism. They perceived their own time in terms of parallel dimensions in which the past and present converged in national histories at home, in America and England, and in Italy, their new ideal state. The language of their new nationalism evolved from the chronological study of Ancient Rome up to the Renaissance, and the style of both revolution and empire, neoclassicism, while their perspective was largely shaped by a reactionary contrast between the empires of Napoleon I and III, and an ideal state they envisioned for Italy. ISBN13: 978-1-5275-1666-3
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Mellen Press, 2015
978-0-7734-4245-0
Worley’s book brings a new perspective on the intellectual debates in the development of nationalistic movements leading up to the Risorgimento in Italy. Her study reveals how the efforts of key feminine ideologists established the roots of Italian reunification through artistic patronage. The salons of these important women enabled daring artists to walk that fine line between creativity and treason as they politicized their art.
“This is an important study of interactions between Madame de Staël and Louise Stolberg and their coterie of friends. To my knowledge, no such published work exists yet. Dr. Worley has done an excellent analysis of the contribution of Enlightenment writers to nationalism and romanticism. This is a must read for the scholars who are interested in the intellectual foundation of the study of nationalism, especially in Europe.”
-Dr. Nupur Chaudhuri,
Professor, Department of History & Geography,
Texas Southern University
Mellen Press, 2012 ISBN 978-0-7734-2583-5
In the tradition of Virginia Woolf’s “A Room of One’s Own,” this study traces the origins of French feminism to Neoclassical theatre and the court of Louis XIV. Through feminist revisionist histories of French literature, the Neoclassical plots and female archetypes from Racine’s Phedre and Andromache, Voltaire’s Brutus (Catherine Bernard) and Marmontel’s Belisarius (Stephanie Genlis) were transposed by women writers and patrons onto actresses and the queens, empresses and mistresses of the French ruling dynasties from Louis XIV- to Napoleon at a time when women were denied the rights of citizenship. Women authors include Bernard, Genlis, Olympe de Gouges and Germaine de Staël, among others. Arguing that emerging feminism is a function of historicism that defines female identity through parallel constructs between regency and theatre, Neoclassicism and modernity, authors of an emerging body of French feminist writings ineluctably reconcile sadist and pacifist incongruities between gendered roles in tragedy.
“… a fresh analysis of the origins of French feminism, tracing its genesis to French Neoclassical theatre and the court of Louis XIV. [The author] delves into the reception of key Neoclassical plays during the problematic times of the French Revolution, the Terror and the Napoleonic era.” – Prof. Síofra Pierse, University College Dublin
978-0-7734-3835- 4
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